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德米特里·谢尔盖耶维奇·梅列日科夫斯基(1866—1941)是俄国诗人、小说家和文学批评家。他出身于宫廷官吏家庭,毕业于彼得堡大学文史系。他从19世纪80年代开始发表诗作,是俄国早期象征派诗人代表之一。他早期的诗作近似于俄国19世纪中叶的诗人纳德松,内容远离现实的社会斗争。他更喜欢当时法国的诗歌,追求一种宗教神秘的感觉。他的论著《论现代俄国文学衰落的原因及新流派》是俄国象征派文学的宣言书,称新艺术的三要素是“神秘的内容,象征,艺术感染力的扩大”,而认为19世纪60年代俄国革命民主主义文学是“功利主义的庸俗的现实主义”。他历经10年创作而成的长篇小说三部曲《基督与反基督》(1895—1905),把人类的历史描绘成基督与反基督的永恒斗争,力图以此阐明其充满宗教色彩的哲学观。此外,他还著有《列·托尔斯泰和陀思妥耶夫斯基。生平与创作》(2卷、1901—1902)、历史剧《保罗一世》(1908)、《阿列克赛王子》(1920)、长篇小说《亚历山大一世》和《十二月十四日》(1918)等。他于1920年离开苏联流亡国外,大部分时间侨居法国,并于1941年死于巴黎。为了使读者更好地了解俄国象征派的特色与局限,我们在本期又译载了梅列日科夫斯基的几首抒情诗。从这些诗作中,我们不仅可以看到那明显而浓厚的宗教神秘色彩,也可以发现,个别的作品又不乏明快的调子,如《三月》。
Dmitry Sergeyjevich Merezhkovski (1866-1941) is a Russian poet, novelist and literary critic. He was born in a family of court officials and graduated from the Department of Literature and History at the University of Petersburg. He began to publish poems in the 1880s and was one of the representatives of early Russian symbolic poets. His early poems are similar to those of Russian poet Natsong in the mid-19th century, and his contents are far away from the actual social struggle. He prefers French poetry at the time, pursuing a religious mystical feeling. His treatise “Reasons for the Decline of Modern Russian Literature and the New School” is a declaration of the Russian symbolism literature, saying that the three elements of the new art are “the mysterious content, the symbol, the expansion of the artistic appeal”, and that the nineteenth century The Russian Revolutionary Democracy literature of the era is “vulgar realism of utilitarianism.” His ten-year novel Trilogy “Christ and Antichrist” (1895-1905) depicts the history of mankind as the eternal struggle between Christ and the anti-Christ, in an attempt to clarify his full of religious philosophical views . In addition, he is the author of “Leo Tolstoy and Dostoevsky.” Life and Creation “(Vol. 2, 1901-1902), historical drama” Paul I “(1908), Prince of Aleco (1920), novel” Alexander I “and” December 14 “ )Wait. He left the Soviet exile in 1920 and spent most of his time in France, where he died in 1941 in Paris. In order to give readers a better understanding of the characteristics and limitations of the Russian symbolism, we have also translated several of the lyrics of Merezhkovsky in this issue. From these poems, we can not only see the obvious and profound religious mysticism, but we can also find that there are many bright tones in individual works, such as ”March."