目的对比肺结核合并糖尿病患者与单纯肺结核患者进行抗结核治疗的临床疗效。方法 130例肺结核患者按照是否合并糖尿病分为合并组60例和单纯组70例。单纯组采用2HRZE/4HR方案进行抗结核治疗,合并组患者抗结核病治疗方案同单纯组,同时采用口服降糖药物和/或注射胰岛素控制患者的血糖水平。观察两组患者的痰菌转阴情况以及病灶缩小情况。结果单纯组治疗2、6个月后的痰菌转阴情况、病灶缩小情况均优于合并组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论肺结核和糖尿病相互影响,在治疗肺结核合并糖尿病时应在严格控制血糖水平的基础上,延长抗结核的治疗时间。 Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of antituberculous therapy in patients with tuberculosis and simple pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods One hundred and thirty patients with tuberculosis were divided into 60 cases in combination group and 70 cases in simple group according to whether they had diabetes or not. Patients in the simple group received anti-TB treatment with the 2HRZE / 4HR regimen. Patients in the combined group were treated with anti-TB treatment as compared with the simple group. Oral hypoglycemic agents and / or insulin injections were used to control their blood glucose levels. The two groups of patients with sputum negative and reduced lesions. Results After 2 and 6 months of treatment, the sputum negative conversion and lesion reduction in the simple group were better than those in the combined group (P <0.05 or P <0.01). Conclusion The interaction between tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus should be based on the strict control of blood glucose level in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with diabetes to prolong the treatment time of anti-tuberculosis.