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在内蒙古河套灌区解放闸灌域沙壕渠实验站,通过田间试验,对节水灌溉模式(拔节+抽穗2水)和常规充分灌溉模式(分蘖+拔节+抽穗+灌浆4水)下,不同施氮量对春小麦产量形成、水分利用和氮素利用等方面进行了研究。结果表明:2水与4水处理间小麦产量及其构成因素均无显著差异,而水分利用效率(WUE)比4水处理提高7.8%。在较低施氮量范围内,随着施氮量的增加,小麦产量、耗水量和WUE同步提高,当施氮量超过一定值后,产量和WUE开始下降。两种灌溉模式下,增施氮肥均能促进植株对氮素的吸收,但氮素利用效率明显降低。与4水处理相比,2水处理下小麦氮素利用效率显著提高。小麦的经济产量、水分利用效率及氮素农学利用效率与总施氮量均呈一元二次曲线关系,河套平原春小麦实现节水、省肥、高产相统一的适宜施氮量(纯N)为8～10 kg/667m2。
In the sand trenches experimental station of Jisha Irrigation District in Hetao Irrigation District in Inner Mongolia, through field experiments, the effects of water saving irrigation mode (jointing + heading 2 water) and conventional full irrigation mode (tillering + jointing + heading + grouting 4 water) Nitrogen content on spring wheat yield formation, water use and nitrogen utilization and other aspects were studied. The results showed that there was no significant difference in wheat yield and its components between the two water treatments and the four water treatments, but the WUE was 7.8% higher than that of the four treatments. With the increase of nitrogen application rate, wheat yield, water consumption and WUE increased at a lower nitrogen application rate. When the nitrogen application rate exceeded a certain value, the yield and WUE began to decline. Under both irrigation modes, nitrogen application increased nitrogen uptake of plants, but nitrogen use efficiency decreased significantly. Compared with 4 water treatment, nitrogen utilization efficiency of 2 water treatment significantly increased. The economic yield, water use efficiency, agricultural agronomic efficiency and total N application rate of wheat showed a one-way quadratic curve. The suitable nitrogen application rate (pure N) for the unification of spring wheat in Hetao Plain for water saving, fertilization and high yield was 8 ~ 10 kg / 667m2.