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按照列宁的看法,马克思学说是对近代欧洲思想中三条最重要的学术进路实行的一次成功综合,这就是德国先验哲学、英国政治经济学和法国激进社会主义。在马克思这一宏大理论工程中,古典政治经济学发挥了至关重要的作用:首先,作为一门现代社会的新科学,它以对经济领域的实证分析取代传统政治哲学的先验观念论建构,开辟了一种理解现代社会的全新理论境界,从而为马克思创立历史唯物主义创造了必要的学科条件;其次,在斯密和李嘉图那里,政治经济学对“资产阶级生产关系的内部联系”进行了初步揭示,朴素地描绘了资本主义生产关系的对抗性结构,这就为马克思批判资本主义准备了重要的思想前提;最后,马克思正是在他的政治经济学批判中形成了更彻底的社会主义理论,并以更高的政治诉求和理论思维重建了政治哲学的先验界面。
According to Lenin, the Marxist theory is a successful synthesis of the three most important academic routes in modern European thought. This is the German transcendental philosophy, British political economy and French radical socialism. In the grand theoretical project of Marx, classical political economics played a crucial role: firstly, as a new science in modern society, it replaced the construction of transcendental notion of ideas of traditional political philosophy with the empirical analysis of the economic field , Opened up a whole new theoretical realm for understanding modern society and thus created the necessary academic conditions for Marx’s creation of historical materialism. Secondly, in Smith and Ricardo, the relationship between political economy and the “bourgeois production relations ”Carried out a preliminary revelation, a simple depiction of the confrontational structure of capitalist relations of production, which prepares Marx’s important premise for the critique of capitalism; finally, Marx formed a more thorough in his critique of political economy Socialism theory and reconstructed the transcendental interface of political philosophy with higher political demands and theoretical thinking.