我国航空运输业迅猛的发展给相对落后的空管系统带来了巨大的压力,空中交通流量的快速增长导致了交通拥塞和延误的持续增加, 不仅严重威胁飞行安全,而且造成了巨大的经济损失。空中交通拥塞主要是由于机场和空域容量的限制造成的,在飞机飞行的三个阶段: 起飞、飞行和降落中,机场占据了两个阶段,因此机场拥塞是空中交通拥塞的瓶颈所在。 The rapid development of China’s air transport industry has brought tremendous pressure on the relatively backward air traffic control system. The rapid growth of air traffic flow has led to the continuous increase of traffic congestion and delay, which not only seriously threatens the flight safety but also caused huge economic losses . Air traffic congestion is mainly caused by the limitation of airport and airspace capacity. In three phases of flight: take-off, flight and landing, the airport occupies two stages. Airport congestion is therefore the bottleneck of air traffic congestion.