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为了探讨区域盐渍化过程和分布特征,本文通过野外调查和室内分析,研究了新疆玛纳斯河流域海拔高度、地貌类型、地下水埋深、土地利用类型和不同种植年限对土壤盐分含量变化的影响。结果表明:玛纳斯河流域土壤盐分含量随海拔高度的变化呈现先降低后升高再降低的趋势,高盐分含量主要集中在海拔350~400 m,海拔高度与土壤盐分含量之间没有很好的变化趋势;土壤盐分含量在不同地貌类型的分布状况为:冲积洪积扇缘带>冲积平原中部>冲积平原下部>冲积洪积扇中部>干三角洲地区,冲积洪积扇缘带与冲积平原中部的土壤剖面盐分有表聚和底聚现象,冲积平原下部土壤剖面中间层盐分含量较高;地下水埋深对土壤盐分含量变化影响明显,随着地下水埋深的变浅,土壤盐分含量显著增加;不同土地利用方式下,土壤含盐量具有显著性差异,荒地土壤盐分含量最高,表层和底层盐分高于中间层,耕地0~100 cm土层盐分含量均较低;随着滴灌年限的增加,0~100 cm土层盐分含量均呈现降低趋势,滴灌1年与3年表层盐分含量差异不显著,其他土层差异显著,滴灌8年与10年的各层土壤盐分含量差异均不显著。综上,玛纳斯河流域土壤盐分含量受地貌类型、地下水状况、土地利用类型和滴灌年限因素影响显著,盐分在土壤剖面上也表现出不同的分布特征。
In order to discuss the process of salinization and its distribution in the region, this paper studied the changes of soil salinity content in the Manas River basin in Xinjiang through the field survey and indoor analysis, including the elevation of the Manas River basin, the types of landforms, the depth of groundwater, the types of land use and different planting years influences. The results showed that the content of soil salinity in Manasi River Basin decreased first, then increased, and then decreased. The high salinity content mainly concentrated in the altitude of 350-400 m, and the difference between the altitude and the soil salt content was not very good The distribution of soil salinity in different geomorphological types is as follows: alluvial-fan sector margin belt> middle alluvial plain> lower alluvial plain> alluvial fan central> dry delta region, alluvial fan zone margin and alluvial plain The salt content in the middle part of the soil profile is aggregated and agglomerated at the bottom of the alluvial plain, and the salt content in the middle part of the soil profile in the lower alluvial plain is higher. The groundwater depth has a significant effect on the change of soil salinity. With the shallow groundwater depth, ; Under different land use types, soil salinity had significant difference, the salt content in the wasteland was the highest, the salt content in the surface layer and the bottom layer was higher than the middle layer, and the salt content in the 0-100 cm soil layer was low. With the increase of drip irrigation life , The salt content in 0-100 cm soil layer showed a decreasing trend. The difference of surface salt content in 1 and 3 years after drip irrigation was not significant, and the difference in other soil layers was significant. After 8 years and 10 years of drip irrigation Layer of soil salinity content difference was not significant. In conclusion, the soil salinity content in the Manas River basin is significantly affected by the types of landforms, groundwater conditions, types of land use and years of drip irrigation. Salinity also exhibits different distribution characteristics in the soil profile.