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发现法是在教师启发下的“发现学习”。这里所说的发现,并不限于寻求人类尚未知晓的事物,而是“包含着用自己头脑亲自获得知识的一种形式”。这是因为人类全部生活最独特之点,在于人类能够亲自发现。在教学过程中学生亲自探索新知识,亲自动手做实验、观察现象、理解概念、解答问题,都是主动学习的过程。只有这种主动作用的发挥,才能激发学习的兴趣,产生内在的学习动力,渴求知识,并把这种知识在头脑中进行思维加工,“重新组织”,“转换”为一定的才能,使之与新任务相适应。在“重新组织”新知识的活动中,产生新的领悟,这就是发现。
The discovery method is “discovery learning” inspired by teachers. The discovery mentioned here is not limited to seeking things that humans have not yet known, but “contains a form of personally acquiring knowledge with one’s own mind.” This is because the most unique aspect of human life is that human beings can discover for themselves. In the teaching process, students personally explore new knowledge, perform experiments with their own hands, observe phenomena, understand concepts, and answer questions. They are all active learning processes. Only this active role can stimulate learning interest, generate internal learning motives, aspire to knowledge, and process this knowledge in the mind to process, “reorganize” and “convert” to a certain degree of competence. Adapt to new tasks. In the “reorganization” of new knowledge, new insights are generated. This is discovery.