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陕西秦岭以北盛行窑居生活方式,运用文化生态学方法对陕西窑居进行分析,旨在探讨其与环境之间的关系。不同的环境塑造了靠崖窑、地坑窑、锢窑等不同的窑居类型。地形地貌限制了窑居的选址、提供了建筑材料。主窑的朝向以朝南、朝东为佳,为扩大采光面积,陕北多安满堂门窗,关中多门窗分设,采光面积较小,这为气候条件的反映。靠崖窑主要分布于黄土丘陵沟壑地带、黄土塬边及冲沟地带,其南界起于秦岭北麓,北界止于长城沿线;地坑窑分布于渭北黄土台塬的塬面;锢窑需要有一定面积的平地,主要随建筑材料分布,多见于陕北长城内外风沙地貌区、河谷阶地地貌区、石质地貌区。窑居的生产生活设施、建筑质量为经济环境的反映;窑居的选址与营造、平面布局与空间处理皆受制于区域社会文化环境。
The popular kiln lifestyle in the north of Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province is analyzed by using the method of cultural ecology to study the relationship between the kiln and its habitat in Shaanxi Province. Different circumstances created by the cliff kiln, pit kiln, detention kiln and other different types of kiln. Terrain has limited the location of the kiln and provided building materials. The direction of the main kiln to south, east is better, in order to expand the lighting area, northern Shaanxi Doo full house windows and doors, windows and doors Guanzhong divided into smaller lighting area, which reflects the climatic conditions. Cliff kilns are mainly distributed in loess hilly areas, the loess plateau and gully belt, the southern boundary of the Qinling Mountains in the northern foot, the northern boundary of the Great Wall along the line; pit kiln distribution in Weibei Loess Plateau plateau; detention kiln Need to have a certain area of the ground, mainly with the distribution of building materials, more common in the sand inside and outside the Great Wall of Shaanxi Province sand area, valley terraces, stony landform area. The living facilities and building quality of the dwelling houses reflect the economic environment. The location and construction of the dwelling houses, the layout and the spatial layout of the dwelling houses are all subject to the regional social and cultural environment.