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科研的结果常常通过在实验中获得的各种数据得到反映,因此数据的分析是科研中的重要组成部分。人们常按着收集数据的方法将数据分成三类,即计量、计数及等级资料。资料的分类不同,其分析方法各异。等级资料基本上可以按计数资料的分析方法处理。在近代为适应计算机分析的需要,三种数据可互相转换。无论数据的分类如何,就其分析步骤而言可分为描述分析和统计推断两大步。
Scientific research results are often reflected in the various data obtained in the experiment, so data analysis is an important part of scientific research. People often follow the method of collecting data into three categories, that is, measurement, counting and rating data. Different types of data, their analysis methods vary. Level data can basically count data analysis. In modern times to meet the needs of computer analysis, the three kinds of data can be converted to each other. No matter how the data is classified, its analysis steps can be divided into two major steps: description analysis and statistical inference.