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目的通过分析2006—2012年东莞市职业中毒的发病特征,提出防治对策。方法采用描述流行病学的方法对2006—2012年东莞市职业中毒的发病特征进行分析。结果①2006—2012年东莞市网络直报职业病诊断病例共272例。职业中毒发病病例整体呈上升态势,职业病中毒发病趋向于群体性,以职业性慢性中毒为主(64.34%);②职业性急性中毒病种主要是含卤代烃为主的有机溶剂中毒(59.79%);职业性慢性中毒病种主要是苯中毒(49.14%)和正己烷中毒(39.42%);③职业性急性中毒病例中男性明显多于女性,而职业性慢性中毒病例中男女之间没有明显区别;④职业性中毒(急性和慢性)以青壮年发病为主(<45岁);⑤职业性急性中毒发病工龄多数<5 a,职业性慢性中毒发病工龄多数<10 a;⑥职业性中毒(急性和慢性)病例多分布于经济条件发达的南部镇区,并依次向中北部镇区递减;⑦行业以轻工业多见;⑧经济类型以非公有制私营经济为主;⑨职业性急性中毒病例主要集中在大型企业;职业性慢性中毒病例主要集中在中小型企业。结论东莞市职业性中毒并未得到有效遏制,从传统的单一病种向多元化病种发展,不断出现新的职业性中毒病例,如卤代烃溶剂引起的职业性急性中毒,应建立合理有效的防治对策,综合防治。
Objective To analyze the incidence of occupational poisoning in Dongguan City from 2006 to 2012 and put forward the countermeasures for prevention and treatment. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the incidence of occupational poisoning in Dongguan from 2006 to 2012. Results ① In 2006-2012, 272 cases of occupational diseases were directly reported in Dongguan Network. The incidence of occupational poisoning was generally on the rise. The incidence of occupational disease poisoning tended to be group-based, mainly occupational chronic poisoning (64.34%). The occupational acute poisoning diseases were mainly halogenated hydrocarbon-based organic solvent poisoning (59.79 %). The main types of occupational chronic poisoning were benzene poisoning (49.14%) and n-hexane poisoning (39.42%). ③The number of occupational acute poisoning cases was significantly higher than that of women, while there was no difference between male and female occupational chronic poisoning cases (45 years old); (5) the majority of occupational acute poisoning onset age <5 years, the majority of occupational chronic poisoning onset age <10 a; ⑥ occupational The cases of poisoning (acute and chronic) are mostly distributed in the southern towns with developed economic conditions and then decrease to the central and northern townships; ⑦ The industries are more common in light industry; ⑧ The economic types are dominated by the non-public-owned private-owned economy; ⑨ Occupational acute poisoning Cases are mainly concentrated in large enterprises; occupational chronic poisoning cases are mainly concentrated in small and medium enterprises. Conclusion Occupational poisoning in Dongguan City has not been effectively checked. From the traditional single disease to the development of diversified diseases, new cases of occupational poisoning continue to emerge, such as occupational acute poisoning caused by halogenated hydrocarbon solvents, and a rational and effective Prevention and control measures, comprehensive prevention and treatment.