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经过13年的谈判,美巴于1977年9月7日签署了关于归还运河主权和保持运河永久中立的两项条约。美国政府同意,经过23年过渡期,于1999年12月归还运河区主权,但将永远保有以武力维护运河中立的权力。1977年美巴运河条约改善了美国的国际处境,标志着美国对拉美政策的新阶段,其实质是以放弃对运河的直接占领来换取对运河的永久控制。本文利用美国国会记录等原始资料,探讨了美国为何以间接控制取代对运河的直接占领,分析了美国在这一问题上的战略思考和利弊权衡,有助于理解美国的拉美政策及美国霸权的性质和特点。
After 13 years of negotiations, Maiba signed on September 7, 1977 two treaties concerning the restoration of the sovereignty of the canal and the permanent neutrality of the canal. The U.S. government agreed to return the canal’s sovereignty over the 23-year transition period in December 1999 but will always retain the power to use force to uphold the canal’s neutrality. The 1977 U.S.-Pakistan Canal Treaty improved the international situation of the United States and marked a new stage of U.S. policy toward Latin America. The essence is to abandon the direct occupation of the canal in exchange for permanent control of the canal. This article explores why the United States replaces the direct occupation of the canal by indirect control and analyzes the U.S. strategic thinking and the trade-offs on the issue on the basis of the original sources such as the records of the U.S. Congress. It helps to understand the U.S. policy on Latin America and the hegemony of the United States Nature and characteristics.