18世纪的中西文化交流是空前频繁与活跃的 ,它逐渐由此前简单的物质层面的往来发展到精神层面的交流与磨合。所谓“交流”,意指既有西学东渐 ,亦有汉学西渐的双向沟通 ;所谓“磨合”则为既有冲击碰撞 ,也有顺应调适的艰难容蓄。我们往往瞩目那些不远万里来华的传教士 ,强调他们 In the 18th century, the exchange of Chinese and Western cultures was unprecedentedly frequent and active. It gradually evolved from a simple physical-level interaction to a spiritual exchange and adjustment. The so-called “exchange” means that there is a two-way communication between Western learning and western learning. The so-called “running-in” is both a hard-working and a hard-working one. We tend to focus on those missionaries who come to China not far from here, emphasizing them