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目的了解兰州市居民主要死亡原因及其死亡年龄、性别和季节分布情况,为制定疾病防控工作的决策提供依据。方法收集兰州市常住居民2014年1月1日—2015年12月31日全人群死因监测数据,按照国际通用的ICD-10编码进行死亡病例原因分类。人口资料来源于兰州市公安局,对死亡资料进行统计学描述,采用χ2检验比较死亡病例的年龄、性别和季节分布差异。结果 2014年和2015年兰州市分别报告死亡病例11 031例、13 494例,居民粗死亡率为3.03‰和3.70‰;2014年男性死亡率3.62‰,女性死亡率2.43‰;2015年男性死亡率4.25‰,女性死亡率3.10‰。死亡病例比例男性高于女性,与年龄呈正相关,60岁及以上者2015年较2014年上升(P<0.05);循环系统疾病高居死因疾病首位,其他依次为肿瘤,呼吸系统疾病,损伤、中毒和外因及内分泌、营养和代谢疾病,与2014年比较,2015年死亡比例循环,内分泌疾病上升,损伤、中毒和外因下降(P<0.05);男、女性居民两年主要死因疾病均同总顺位;各年龄组居民两年主要死因疾病顺位相同,(0~14)岁为起源于围生期的某些情况,(15~44)岁为损伤、中毒和外因,45以上为循环系统疾病;四季中春季死亡病例最多,主要死因疾病均同总顺位,与2014年比较,2015年夏季死亡比例循环系统疾病上升,损伤、中毒和外因下降(P<0.05)。结论慢性病是威胁兰州市居民的主要死因,但存在性别、年龄及季节差异。
Objective To understand the main causes of death and the age, sex and seasonal distribution of the residents in Lanzhou City, and provide the basis for the decision-making of disease prevention and control. Methods The data of death toll collected from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2015 in Lanzhou City were collected, and the cause of death was classified according to the international ICD-10 code. The population data come from Lanzhou Municipal Public Security Bureau. The death data were statistically described. The χ2 test was used to compare the differences in age, sex and seasonal distribution of deaths. Results 11,031 and 13,494 deaths were reported in Lanzhou in 2014 and 2015, respectively. The crude mortality rate was 3.03 ‰ and 3.70 ‰. The male mortality rate in 2014 was 3.62 ‰ and the female mortality rate was 2.43 ‰. In 2015, the male mortality rate 4.25 ‰, female mortality rate 3.10 ‰. The proportion of deaths in males was higher than that in females, and was positively correlated with age. The number of deaths aged 60 years and over in 2015 was higher than that in 2014 (P <0.05); the circulatory diseases were the highest among those with death causes, followed by the tumors, respiratory diseases, injuries and poisoning And endocrine, endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases. Compared with 2014, the proportion of deaths in 2015 was increased, and the incidence of endocrine diseases was increased, the injury, poisoning and external causes were decreased (P <0.05). The major causes of death in both males and females were the same (0-14) years of age are some cases of perinatal origin, (15-44) years of age as injury, poisoning and external causes, more than 45 for the circulatory system Diseases; the highest number of deaths occurred in all four seasons and the major causes of death were the same as the overall rankings. Compared with 2014, the death rate in the summer of 2015 increased, and the disease, poisoning and external causes decreased (P <0.05). Conclusion Chronic diseases are the main cause of death of Lanzhou residents, but there are differences in gender, age and season.