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卵黄囊瘤(YST,亦称内胚窦瘤)是一种类似胚胎性卵黄囊的内胚窦为组织学特征的生殖细胞瘤(GCT),它也是儿童期 GCT的一种常见类型。YST 产生α-胎蛋白(AFP),许多患该肿瘤的病人其血清 AFP 水平升高。所以,血清 AFP 作为一种标记物正被广泛应用于对 YST 的诊断和监测。除 AFP 外,YST 还产生某些血浆蛋白如白蛋白、白蛋白前体、α-1抗胰蛋白酶和转铁球蛋白。然而,这些蛋白质不能用作为肿瘤标记物,因为它们总是在健康人的血清中大量出现。
Yolk sac tumor (YST, also known as endodermal sinus tumor) is a histologic germ cell tumor (GCT) similar to embryonic yolk sac, which is also a common type of GCT in childhood. YST produces alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and many patients with this tumor have elevated serum AFP levels. Therefore, serum AFP as a marker is being widely used in the diagnosis and monitoring of YST. In addition to AFP, YST also produces certain plasma proteins such as albumin, albumin precursors, alpha-1 antitrypsin and gamma-globulin. However, these proteins can not be used as tumor markers because they are always present in large quantities in healthy human serum.