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大西洋与太平洋茶叶有限公司(The Great Atlantic＆ Pacific Tea Company Inc),简称为A＆P,它被许多人认为是连锁店之父。分析其发展与演化过程,会使人们更加清楚连锁店的本质和特征。 1.从红茶到自然食品。早在1859年,吉尔曼与哈赫特二人,在纽约开办了一家专门销售红茶的商店,直接从中国和日本进货,由于售价低廉吸引了不少顾客。因为当时红茶的分销渠道是从代理商到批发商、批发商到零售商,三者加价比例分别为50％、40％和50％。而哈赫特直接进货,结果使零售价下降了一半,并获成功。随即他在同一条街开了第二、第三家分号。 生意的红火,使其店铺数目不断增加,6年就发展到25家分店,商品也由红茶扩展至咖啡、面包和奶油等自然食品。1880年连锁商店达100家,1900年达200多家。 2.向廉价商店转变。从1912年起,A＆P打出廉价
The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company Inc, abbreviated as A&P, is considered by many to be the father of a chain of stores. Analysis of its development and evolution will make people more aware of the nature and characteristics of the chain stores. 1. From black tea to natural foods. As early as 1859, Gilman and Hacht set up a shop selling black tea in New York. They purchased goods directly from China and Japan, attracting many customers due to low prices. Because at that time, the distribution channels of black tea were from agents to wholesalers, wholesalers to retailers, and the percentages of the three parties’ price increases were 50%, 40% and 50% respectively. The direct purchase of Hachter resulted in a drop in the retail price by half and was successful. Then he opened the second and third semicolon in the same street. The boom in business has led to an increase in the number of stores. In 6 years, it has grown to 25 stores, and the products have also expanded from black tea to natural foods such as coffee, bread and butter. There were 100 chain stores in 1880 and more than 200 in 1900. 2. Change to cheap stores. From 1912, A&P played cheap