一、寻找增长速度和通货膨胀率之间的最佳选择 现代经济的最重要特点是GDP的增长和人均GDP的增长。GDP增长的累积便构成财富的增长。GDP不是衡量财富增长的完善尺度。在许多情况下,GDP增长所伴随的是人类福利的损失和财富的减少。但是,直到目前为止,GDP仍然是衡量经济进步的最重要尺度,是各国政府宏观经济政策的最主要目标之一。政府追求的宏观经济目标是多重的。除GDP增长速度之外。物价稳定、汇率稳定、就业充分等等都是政府的重要宏观经济目标。在这些目标中,有些目标之间的关系是相辅相成的,有些则是相互矛盾的。例如,在经济增长和物价稳定之间往往存在“鱼与熊掌不可得兼”的关系。这样,政府就必须确定诸多目标 I. Looking for the Best Choice Between Growth Rate and Inflation Rate The most important characteristics of the modern economy are the growth of GDP and the growth of GDP per capita. The accumulation of GDP growth will constitute the growth of wealth. GDP is not a perfect measure of wealth growth. In many cases, GDP growth is accompanied by a loss of human welfare and a reduction in wealth. However, so far, GDP is still the most important measure of economic progress and one of the major objectives of the government’s macroeconomic policies. The macroeconomic goals pursued by the government are multiple. In addition to GDP growth rate. Price stability, stable exchange rates, full employment and so on are all major macroeconomic goals of the government. Among these goals, some of the goals are mutually reinforcing, while others are mutually contradictory. For example, there is often a relationship between “economic growth and price stability that is unmatchable between fish and bear’s paw.” In this way, the government must determine many goals