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为正确地判断哈尔滨市地下水水质现状及变化趋势,对研究区地下水脆弱性进行研究。根据研究区水文地质背景条件,选取地下水水位埋深、含水层介质、地形坡度、上覆地层介质、单井涌水量5个参数作为评价因子,利用DRASTIC模型对哈尔滨市地下水脆弱性进行评价,并结合MapGIS实现了地下水环境脆弱性分区。结果表明,地下水脆弱性指数为77~123。其中,松花江及阿什河河漫滩是全市地下水脆弱性最高的区域(指数为108~123),地下水极易受污染;一级阶地区、江北水产养殖场及研究区东北部属于中等脆弱区(指数为93~108);中南部岗阜状高平原区属于低脆弱性地区(指数为77~93),受污染风险较小。研究结果能客观地反映区域内的地下水防护性能,有效地为规划部门及地下水资源管理部门提供指导。
In order to correctly judge the current situation and trend of groundwater quality in Harbin, the vulnerability of groundwater in the study area is studied. According to the hydrogeological background conditions of the study area, five parameters of groundwater level, aquifer medium, terrain slope, overlying formation medium and single well water inflow were selected as evaluation factors, and DRASTIC model was used to evaluate groundwater vulnerability in Harbin Combined with MapGIS, groundwater environment fragmentation is achieved. The results show that the vulnerability index of groundwater is 77 ~ 123. Among them, Songhua River and Ash River Floodplain are the most vulnerable areas in the city (index: 108 ~ 123), and the groundwater is highly susceptible to pollution. In the first-order area, Jiangbei Aquaculture Farm and the northeast of the study area belong to moderately vulnerable areas The index is 93 ~ 108). Gangfugao Plains in central-southern China belong to the low vulnerability area (index is 77-93), and the pollution risk is relatively low. The results of the study can objectively reflect the groundwater protection performance in the area and effectively provide guidance to planning departments and groundwater resources management departments.