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通过对新疆柴窝堡地区湖泊沉积物和流域表层沉积物中元素含量的分析,研究了柴窝堡湖沉积物中元素的地球化学特征及其环境意义,并利用重金属潜在生态危害指数法对沉积物重金属的生态效应进行了简要评价。相关分析及主成分分析表明,柴窝堡流域Al、K、Na、Be、Ba、Ti、Ca、Mg、Sr等元素含量的变化主要受流域化学风化作用强度的影响,而Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu、Cr、Ni、Pb、Co等重金属元素与黏土含量之间相关性显著,反映了自然与人类活动的影响过程。1950年前,人类活动影响弱,湖泊沉积物重金属元素主要受控于流域水动力条件;1950年后,流域人类活动的加强使得湖泊沉积物中重金属含量显著增加。利用聚类方法进行了湖泊沉积物与流域表层沉积物元素组成的比较分析,结果显示不同湖泊沉积物元素的组合特征反映了流域人类活动和自然作用的影响。最后,通过重金属潜在生态危害指数法对柴窝堡湖泊沉积物中Cu、Cr、Zn、Pb等4种重金属的潜在危害程度进行初步评价,其中以沉积物中Pb和Cu危害程度较高,但潜在生态危害程度尚属轻微。
Based on the analysis of the elemental contents of lake sediments and surface sediments in Chaiwopu area of Xinjiang, the geochemical characteristics and environmental significance of the elements in the sediments of Chaiwopu Lake were studied. The potential ecological risk index of heavy metals The ecological effects of heavy metals were briefly evaluated. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis showed that the contents of Al, K, Na, Be, Ba, Ti, Ca, Mg, Sr and other elements in Chaiwopu Basin were affected by the intensity of chemical weathering. Fe, Mn and Zn , Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Co and other heavy metals and clay content was significantly correlated, reflecting the impact of natural and human activities process. Before 1950, human activities had a weak influence. Heavy metal elements in lake sediments were mainly controlled by hydrodynamic conditions in the watershed. After 1950, enhanced human activities led to a significant increase of heavy metals in lake sediments. The cluster analysis of elemental composition of lake sediments and surface sediments shows that the combination of sediment elements in different lakes reflects the human activities and natural effects. Finally, the potential hazard degree of Cu, Cr, Zn, Pb and other heavy metals in the sediments of Chaiwopu Lake was preliminarily evaluated by the potential ecological risk index of heavy metals, among which Pb and Cu were most harmful to the sediments The potential ecological risk is still mild.