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通过田间裂区试验,研究了两种种植模式(大豆单作、玉米-大豆套作)和玉米、大豆施氮总量(NN:0;RN:180 kg·hm-2;CN:240 N kg·hm-2)对大豆农艺性状、花荚脱落及大豆产量的影响。结果表明:与大豆单作相比,玉米-大豆套作模式使大豆R2期的株高、茎粗、有效分枝数和倒三叶面积降低,第一节间长和平均节间长升高,大豆全株及中上层的落花数、落荚数和花荚脱落率显著降低,单株荚数、经济系数显著提高。玉米-大豆套作系统中,RN处理下的有效分枝数较少,倒三叶面积显著降低,大豆全株及中上层落花数显著减少,花荚脱落率达到最小值,比NN和CN显著降低10.8%、10.2%;在RN处理下,玉米-大豆套作模式下的大豆单株荚数、百粒重和生物量最大,产量和经济系数表现最佳。
Through the field split test, the effects of two planting modes (single crop of soybean, corn-soybean intercropping) and total amount of nitrogen and nitrogen fertilizer of soybean (NN: 0; RN: 180 kg · hm-2; · Hm-2) on the agronomic characters of soybean, flower pod shedding and soybean yield. The results showed that the corn-soybean intercropping system reduced the plant height, stem diameter, number of effective branches and the area of inverted clover, , The number of falling flowers, the number of falling pods and the rate of flower pods in the whole plant and the upper middle layer of soybean decreased significantly, and the pods per plant and the economic coefficient increased significantly. In the maize-soybean intercropping system, the number of effective branches was less and the area of the inverted third leaves was significantly reduced under RN treatment. The number of flowerings of whole plant and middle and upper layers of soybean was significantly reduced, the rate of flower pods shedding reached the minimum value, significantly higher than that of NN and CN Decreased by 10.8% and 10.2% respectively. Under the treatment of RN, the single pods, hundred kernel weight and biomass of soybean in corn-soybean intercropping system had the highest yield and economic coefficient.