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【目的】调查长期住院极低出生体重儿(very low birth weight infants,VLBWI)的营养状况,分析影响体重增长的危险因素,为制定合理的营养方案提供参考。【方法】对两年间住院28 d及以上的80例VLBWI进行回顾调查,了解其喂养、热卡、蛋白质摄入、体重增长、出生时小于胎龄儿(small for gestation age,SGA)及生后宫外发育迟缓(extrauterine growth retard,EUGR)发生率等情况,并分析影响体重增长的危险因素。【结果】在恢复出生体重后,随摄入热卡增加体重也增加,蛋白质变化不明显,但可达3 g/(kg.d);出生时SGA发生率为28.8%,EUGR发生率生后渐增,6周时达72.5%;达足量热卡供应的时间是[21.21±13.56(6~65)d],达足量肠道喂养的时间为[27.87±11.12(12~57)d];体重增长速率平均为15.76(8.72~24.69)g/(kg.d),影响体重增长最重要的危险因素是开奶时间晚。【结论】长期住院VLBWI存在多种营养问题包括热卡摄入相对不足,EUGR的发生率随着日龄而增高。建议对VLBWI尽早建立肠道喂养,及时补充静脉营养。
【Objective】 To investigate the nutritional status of long-term low birth weight infants (VLBWI) and to analyze the risk factors influencing weight gain in order to provide a reference for the development of a reasonable nutrition plan. 【Methods】 A total of 80 VLBWI patients who were hospitalized for 28 days or more in two years were retrospectively investigated to find out whether feeding, caloric intake, protein intake, weight gain, small for gestation age (SGA) Extrauterine growth retard (EUGR) incidence and other conditions, and analyze the risk factors of weight gain. 【Results】 After the recovery of birth weight, the body weight increased with the intake of calories, but the protein did not change obviously, but up to 3 g / (kg · d). The incidence of SGA at birth was 28.8%. The incidence of EUGR (21.21 ± 13.56 (6 ~ 65) d] and the time of full-gut feeding was [27.87 ± 11.12 (12-57) d] The average rate of weight gain was 15.76 (8.72 ~ 24.69) g / (kg.d). The most important risk factor for weight gain was late opening of milk. 【Conclusion】 Long-term hospitalized VLBWI has many nutritional problems, including the relative insufficiency of heat-card ingestion and the increase of EUGR with age. Proposed to set up early VLBWI intestinal feeding, timely intravenous nutrition.