目的　探索农村妇女骨质疏松的危险因素。方法　对 1 72 6名农村已婚妇女运用外周双能X光吸收比色法(pDXA)测定非优势侧前臂近端桡骨骨密度 ,并进行统一问卷调查 ,对所获得的资料进行二变量相关分析、t检验、方差分析及多元逐步回归分析。结果　绝经年限、低体重、年龄是引起骨密度 (BMD)降低的 3个重要因素 ,身高体重指数 (BMI)、饮食、生育次数多可导致BMD增高。结论　绝经后高龄妇女及其低体重的妇女是骨质疏松的高危人群 ,对绝经后的妇女使用雌激素将有助于预防骨质疏松 Objective To explore the risk factors of osteoporosis in rural women. Methods One hundred and seventy-six rural married women were examined by peripheral dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (pDXA) to measure the proximal radius bone mineral density (BMD) of the non-dominant side of the forearm. The data were analyzed by a unified questionnaire. , T test, analysis of variance and multiple stepwise regression analysis. Results Menopause, low birth weight and age were the three important factors that caused the decrease of bone mineral density (BMD). The increase of body mass index (BMI), diet and birth frequency could lead to the increase of BMD. CONCLUSIONS: Postmenopausal women and their low-weight women are at high risk of osteoporosis. The use of estrogen in post-menopausal women will help prevent osteoporosis