一、可持续发展:人类共同的选择1.可持续发展观的形成从18世纪初工业革命开始,随着科学技术和商品经济的发展,人类生产力有了极大的提高.特别是第二次世界大战以后,整个世界出现了从未有过的追求经济高速发展的“增长热”.在这个时期,发展通常主要是按照经济的增长来定义的,即以国民生产总值(GNP)或国民收入的增长为主要目标,以工业化为主要内容.自30年代凯恩斯主义在经济学界取得支配地位时起,GNP一直是国家统计体系的一个重要组成部分.增长论经济学家把GNP视为衡量经济福利的综合指标或者说国民生活幸福的象征,认为只要有了经济增展就有了一切.“只要把经济馅饼做大,商品生产丰富,其他问题就会自然而然解决.”但是,这种高速经济增长,不仅出现了高通货膨胀和高失业率的滞胀局面,而旦出现了南北差距加大、能源危机、环境污染、生态破坏等新的更为广泛而严重的矛盾,人类为此而付出了沉重的代价. I. Sustainable Development: A Common Choice for Humankind 1. The Formation of the Sustainable Development Concept Since the beginning of the industrial revolution in the 18th century, with the development of science and technology and the development of a commodity economy, the productivity of mankind has greatly increased, especially in the second After World War, the world has witnessed an unprecedented “growth boom” that pursued rapid economic growth, during which time development is usually defined mainly in terms of economic growth, that is, with GNP or nationals With the main objective of increasing income and industrialization as its main content, GNP has been an important part of the national statistical system ever since Keynesian dominance in economics in the 1930s. Growth economists regard GNP as a measure of the economy A comprehensive indicator of well-being or a symbol of happiness in the life of the people, that there is everything as long as economic growth is achieved. “As long as the economic pie is made larger and the production of commodities is more abundant, other problems will naturally be solved.” However, such high-speed Economic growth not only shows the stagflation situation of high inflation and high unemployment, but once the gap between North and South increases, the energy crisis, environmental pollution and ecological breakup occur. Bad and so new to a broader and serious conflict, human beings have paid a heavy price.