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目的了解中小学生结核杆菌感染、患病、相关防治知识知晓及健康行为情况,为在学校开展结核病的筛查提供理论依据。方法 2010年对参与调查的中小学生开展结核菌素试验(The purified protein derivative oftuberculin,PPD)及问卷调查,对所有结核菌素试验阳性学生,有PPD试验禁忌症的学生及PPD阴性但有肺结核可疑症状的学生开展X光胸片检查,有可疑病灶者开展痰涂片检查;对PPD强阳性学生与非强阳性学生的结核病防治知识及其健康行为进行比较分析,寻找相关因素。结果接受PPD试验4 113人,阳性率6.64%(273人),强阳性率0.56%(23人);肺结核检出率0.05%(2人,均为PPD强阳性)。接受问卷调查2 909人,经过χ2及logistic逐步回归统计分析,在学校宿舍居住和与肺结核患者的接触是PPD试验结果强阳性的危险因素。结核病防治知识全部知晓率为24.96%。结论通过PPD试验的初筛,再进行X光胸片及痰涂片检查是发现结核病行之有效的方法,同时应加强对学生的健康教育,并注意好教室和宿舍的通风换气。
Objective To understand the infection and the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis among primary and secondary school students, knowledge of related prevention and control and health behaviors, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the screening of tuberculosis in schools. Methods In 2010, the purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD) and the questionnaire survey were conducted among primary and secondary school students. All of the students who had positive tuberculin test, those who had contraindications to PPD test, and those who had negative PPD but had tuberculosis Symptoms of students to carry out X-ray examination, suspected patients with sputum smear examination; PPD strong positive students and non-strong positive tuberculosis prevention knowledge and health behavior were compared to find the relevant factors. Results A total of 4 113 PPD patients were tested. The positive rate was 6.64% (273). The positive rate was 0.56% (23). The detection rate of tuberculosis was 0.05% (2 people, both were strong PPD positive). According to the statistical analysis of χ2 and logistic stepwise regression, 2 909 people who were surveyed, lived in school dormitory and contacted with pulmonary tuberculosis patients were the strong positive risk factors of PPD test. The total awareness rate of tuberculosis prevention and control knowledge was 24.96%. Conclusion PPD test screening, and then X-ray and sputum smear examination is an effective method to find tuberculosis, and should strengthen the health education of students, and pay attention to good classrooms and dormitories ventilation.