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完形填空題主要考查学生英语知识和语言的综合运用能力，包括阅读理解能力、分析判断能力、逻辑推理能力以及跨文化交际能力等，是高考试题中要求高、难度大的一个题型。
完形填空的文章以记叙文为主，叙议结合，文章的长度基本保持在300词左右，以考查学生的语篇理解能力和推理判断能力为主，要求学生通过阅读文章，综合运用语言知识，结合上下文语境解题。完形填空考点的设置以动词、名词、形容词、副词等实词为主，其中动词、名词是考查的重点。
由于完形填空是高考试题中难度较大的题型，因此掌握完形填空的解题技巧对学生尤为重要。下面我们结合对高考试题的分析，介绍几种常见的完形填空解题技巧。
一、利用逻辑关系解题
完形填空常考查学生在阅读中对文章上下文逻辑关系（如因果、对比、对应、并列、转折、递进）的判断能力。因此，理清文章的前后逻辑关系是十分重要的。
1.因果关系
典型例题1
Two weeks earlier， my son， Ben， had got in touch. He’d moved to England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since I’d 41. last seen him. So imagine my when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me. （2018全国新课标卷Ⅱ）
42. A. delight B. relief C. anger D. worry
【点拨】第42空所在句开头的so提示逻辑关系，表结果，而该空的后文为感情提示。因为作者与儿子13年未见，所以当收到儿子的邮件说要来看望他时自然是很高兴的，前后两句形成因果关系，故选A。
2.对比关系
典型例题2
I had advised the kids that while verbs （动词） may seem dull， most of the 50 things they do throughout their lives will be verbs. （2017全国新课标卷Ⅱ）
50. A. simple B. unique C. fun D. clever
【点拨】第50空所在句中while表示从句与主句之间是对比关系，可理解为“一方面……另一方面……”，能与dull形成对比的只能是fun，故选C。
3.对应关系
典型例题3
The baby was born and update texts were 47. coming in quickly from the overjoyed grandmother， Teresa. In her ， she didn’t seem to realize that she was 49. sharing the baby’s photos with a complete stranger. （2018全国新课标卷Ⅲ）
48. A. opinion B. anxiety C. excitement D. effort
【点拨】第48空前一句修饰祖母用的是形容词overjoyed，表示“欣喜若狂”，所以选项中的excitement与overjoyed对应，因此excitement符合语境。故选C。
4.转折关系
典型例题4
It’s about 250 miles from the hills of west-central Iowa to Ehlers’ home in Minnesota. During the long trip home， following a weekend of hunting， Ehlers 41. thought about the small dog he had seen 42. trembling alongside the road. He had 43. tried to coax （哄） the dog to him but， frightened， it had 44 . （2019全国新课标卷Ⅱ）
44. A. calmed down B. stood up C. rolled over D. run off
【点拨】根据句意，第44空的前文提到作者试图把小狗哄到自己身边，但是小狗害怕。以but连接，前后是转折关系，因此小狗在害怕之后只能是本能地跑开，run off意为“逃跑”，符合语境，故选D。
二、利用词汇复现解题
完形填空文章是一个意义完整、上下关联的语篇，行文中的替代现象和词语重复是不可避免的。词汇复现是指某一词以原词、代词、同义词、近义词、反义词等形式重复出现在语篇中，通过这种复现使文章前后相互照应、贯通一致。
典型例题5
Hearing these stories， I’m 44. skeptical about the place—other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.
However， I soon 45. discover that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 46 among tons of rubbish. I find a 47. clean mountain， with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are 48. significant but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be 49. paying off. The best of a Kilimanjaro 50 ， in my opinion， isn’t reaching the top. Mountains are 51. regarded as spiritual places by many cultures. …（2019全国新课标卷Ⅰ）
46. A. equipment B. grass C. camps D. stones
50. A. atmosphere B. experience C. experiment D. sight
【點拨】第46空后一句中的with toilets at camps，表示“帐篷中有卫生间”，与第46题的C项camps相对应;第44空所在段末尾的“purer” natural experiences，表示“更纯粹的自然经历”，与第50题的B项experience相对应，两道题均属于原词复现，故46题选C，50题选B。
典型例题6
During my second year at the city college， I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course， called Thinking Chess， for three credits.
…
I managed to get an A in that and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the 54. classroom. （2018全国新课标卷Ⅰ）
53. A. game B. presentation C. course D. experiment
【点拨】文章第一段第一句中有a “free” course，表示“免费的课程”，而第53题的C项course正好与之对应，属于原词复现，故选C。
三、利用上下文暗示解题
很多情况下，在空白处的前后文中，或多或少会有解题依据，会给学生“暗示”。学生应充分利用这些“暗示”，或顺势对下文进行推测，或逆向对上文进行推导，进而预判出答案。
典型例题7
In 1973， I was teaching elementary school. Each day， 27 kids 41. entered “The Thinking Laboratory.” That was the
42. name students voted for after deciding that “Room 104” was too 43. dull.
Freddy was an average 44 ， but not an average person…
Through the years， I’d run into former students who would provide 51. updates on old classmates. I learned that Freddy did several jobs after his 52. graduation from high school… （2017全国新课标卷Ⅱ）
44. A. scholar B. student C. citizen D. worker
【点拨】根据首句的I was teaching elementary school可知，作者是一位老师，再根据后文的provide 51. updates on old classmates和after his 52. graduation 倒推可知，Freddy当时是一名普通的小学生，故选B。
四、利用生活常识和文化背景解题
一般情况下，完形填空的语篇文化因素都很浓厚，内容会涉及社会生活、天文地理、风土人情、人物故事、历史文化等。学生若储备了足够的文化背景知识和生活常识，做题时加以灵活运用，会受益匪浅。
典型例题8
But that 45. changed when a system of high-tech 46 was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks （山峰） into the valley below. Wednesday， residents （居民） of Rjukan 47.received their very first ray of winter sunshine： A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to 48. use. …（2019全国新课标卷Ⅲ）
46. A. computers B. telescopes C. mirrors D. cameras
【点拨】第46空可利用生活常识解题。第46空所在句说明该系统的运用原理：运用高科技镜子反射山峰接收到的太阳光线到山峰底端。而第46题中只有C项mirrors（镜子）可以与reflect（反射）搭配，因为根据生活常识，只有镜子才能反射或反光。故选C。
通过以上分析，我们可以发现，完形填空的解题是有规律可循的。只要我们在解题过程中注意运用适当的技巧，把多种方法结合起来，克服急躁心理，最终一定会取得事半功倍的效果。
完形填空的文章以记叙文为主，叙议结合，文章的长度基本保持在300词左右，以考查学生的语篇理解能力和推理判断能力为主，要求学生通过阅读文章，综合运用语言知识，结合上下文语境解题。完形填空考点的设置以动词、名词、形容词、副词等实词为主，其中动词、名词是考查的重点。
由于完形填空是高考试题中难度较大的题型，因此掌握完形填空的解题技巧对学生尤为重要。下面我们结合对高考试题的分析，介绍几种常见的完形填空解题技巧。
一、利用逻辑关系解题
完形填空常考查学生在阅读中对文章上下文逻辑关系（如因果、对比、对应、并列、转折、递进）的判断能力。因此，理清文章的前后逻辑关系是十分重要的。
1.因果关系
典型例题1
Two weeks earlier， my son， Ben， had got in touch. He’d moved to England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since I’d 41. last seen him. So imagine my when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me. （2018全国新课标卷Ⅱ）
42. A. delight B. relief C. anger D. worry
【点拨】第42空所在句开头的so提示逻辑关系，表结果，而该空的后文为感情提示。因为作者与儿子13年未见，所以当收到儿子的邮件说要来看望他时自然是很高兴的，前后两句形成因果关系，故选A。
2.对比关系
典型例题2
I had advised the kids that while verbs （动词） may seem dull， most of the 50 things they do throughout their lives will be verbs. （2017全国新课标卷Ⅱ）
50. A. simple B. unique C. fun D. clever
【点拨】第50空所在句中while表示从句与主句之间是对比关系，可理解为“一方面……另一方面……”，能与dull形成对比的只能是fun，故选C。
3.对应关系
典型例题3
The baby was born and update texts were 47. coming in quickly from the overjoyed grandmother， Teresa. In her ， she didn’t seem to realize that she was 49. sharing the baby’s photos with a complete stranger. （2018全国新课标卷Ⅲ）
48. A. opinion B. anxiety C. excitement D. effort
【点拨】第48空前一句修饰祖母用的是形容词overjoyed，表示“欣喜若狂”，所以选项中的excitement与overjoyed对应，因此excitement符合语境。故选C。
4.转折关系
典型例题4
It’s about 250 miles from the hills of west-central Iowa to Ehlers’ home in Minnesota. During the long trip home， following a weekend of hunting， Ehlers 41. thought about the small dog he had seen 42. trembling alongside the road. He had 43. tried to coax （哄） the dog to him but， frightened， it had 44 . （2019全国新课标卷Ⅱ）
44. A. calmed down B. stood up C. rolled over D. run off
【点拨】根据句意，第44空的前文提到作者试图把小狗哄到自己身边，但是小狗害怕。以but连接，前后是转折关系，因此小狗在害怕之后只能是本能地跑开，run off意为“逃跑”，符合语境，故选D。
二、利用词汇复现解题
完形填空文章是一个意义完整、上下关联的语篇，行文中的替代现象和词语重复是不可避免的。词汇复现是指某一词以原词、代词、同义词、近义词、反义词等形式重复出现在语篇中，通过这种复现使文章前后相互照应、贯通一致。
典型例题5
Hearing these stories， I’m 44. skeptical about the place—other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.
However， I soon 45. discover that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 46 among tons of rubbish. I find a 47. clean mountain， with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are 48. significant but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be 49. paying off. The best of a Kilimanjaro 50 ， in my opinion， isn’t reaching the top. Mountains are 51. regarded as spiritual places by many cultures. …（2019全国新课标卷Ⅰ）
46. A. equipment B. grass C. camps D. stones
50. A. atmosphere B. experience C. experiment D. sight
【點拨】第46空后一句中的with toilets at camps，表示“帐篷中有卫生间”，与第46题的C项camps相对应;第44空所在段末尾的“purer” natural experiences，表示“更纯粹的自然经历”，与第50题的B项experience相对应，两道题均属于原词复现，故46题选C，50题选B。
典型例题6
During my second year at the city college， I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course， called Thinking Chess， for three credits.
…
I managed to get an A in that and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the 54. classroom. （2018全国新课标卷Ⅰ）
53. A. game B. presentation C. course D. experiment
【点拨】文章第一段第一句中有a “free” course，表示“免费的课程”，而第53题的C项course正好与之对应，属于原词复现，故选C。
三、利用上下文暗示解题
很多情况下，在空白处的前后文中，或多或少会有解题依据，会给学生“暗示”。学生应充分利用这些“暗示”，或顺势对下文进行推测，或逆向对上文进行推导，进而预判出答案。
典型例题7
In 1973， I was teaching elementary school. Each day， 27 kids 41. entered “The Thinking Laboratory.” That was the
42. name students voted for after deciding that “Room 104” was too 43. dull.
Freddy was an average 44 ， but not an average person…
Through the years， I’d run into former students who would provide 51. updates on old classmates. I learned that Freddy did several jobs after his 52. graduation from high school… （2017全国新课标卷Ⅱ）
44. A. scholar B. student C. citizen D. worker
【点拨】根据首句的I was teaching elementary school可知，作者是一位老师，再根据后文的provide 51. updates on old classmates和after his 52. graduation 倒推可知，Freddy当时是一名普通的小学生，故选B。
四、利用生活常识和文化背景解题
一般情况下，完形填空的语篇文化因素都很浓厚，内容会涉及社会生活、天文地理、风土人情、人物故事、历史文化等。学生若储备了足够的文化背景知识和生活常识，做题时加以灵活运用，会受益匪浅。
典型例题8
But that 45. changed when a system of high-tech 46 was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks （山峰） into the valley below. Wednesday， residents （居民） of Rjukan 47.received their very first ray of winter sunshine： A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to 48. use. …（2019全国新课标卷Ⅲ）
46. A. computers B. telescopes C. mirrors D. cameras
【点拨】第46空可利用生活常识解题。第46空所在句说明该系统的运用原理：运用高科技镜子反射山峰接收到的太阳光线到山峰底端。而第46题中只有C项mirrors（镜子）可以与reflect（反射）搭配，因为根据生活常识，只有镜子才能反射或反光。故选C。
通过以上分析，我们可以发现，完形填空的解题是有规律可循的。只要我们在解题过程中注意运用适当的技巧，把多种方法结合起来，克服急躁心理，最终一定会取得事半功倍的效果。