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【目的】研究控释尿素对云南旱区玉米产量和氮肥利用率的影响,为该地区玉米生产中氮肥的合理施用提供科学依据。【方法】2011-2012年,在云南省玉米主产旱区采用田间试验,以不施用氮肥为对照(CK),研究单独施用100%,75%,50%控释尿素(CU)和普通尿素(U),普通尿素分批施用,以及普通尿素与控释尿素共同施用对玉米产量、农艺性状和氮肥利用率的影响。【结果】不同施肥处理对收获期玉米农艺性状的影响有差异,2年试验中均以CK玉米的农艺性状最差;2011年单独施用100%控释尿素处理(CU100%)和40%普通尿素+60%控释尿素作基肥共同施用处理(U40%+CU60%)玉米的农艺性状较优,2012年单独施用100%控释尿素(CU100%)和75%控释尿素处理(CU75%)以及U40%+CU60%处理玉米的农艺性状较优。2011年,CU100%处理玉米产量最高,CK产量最低;2012年,CU75%处理玉米产量最高,其次为CU100%和U40%+CU60%处理,CK产量最低。当氮肥用量相同时,所有CU处理的氮肥利用率均高于U处理。一次性施用普通尿素处理的氮肥利用率为22.2%~33.5%,一次性施用控释尿素的氮肥利用率为32.7%~46.5%,高于一次性施用普通尿素处理。当氮肥用量相同时,所有CU处理的氮肥农学利用率均高于U处理。一次性施用U的处理中,氮肥农学利用率为3.1~8.6kg/kg;一次性施用CU处理的氮肥农学利用率为7.7~12.7kg/kg,均高于一次性施用U的处理。普通尿素和控释尿素共同施用处理的玉米产量、农艺性状和氮肥利用率均高于普通尿素处理。分批施用普通尿素处理的玉米产量和氮肥利用率低于控释尿素处理或普通尿素与控释尿素共同施用的处理。【结论】云南旱区玉米种植中,施用比常规施肥氮用量少的控释肥可提高玉米产量和肥料利用率,在研究地内,氮用量为105.0~157.5kg/hm2的控释尿素处理较佳。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of controlled release urea on maize yield and nitrogen use efficiency in arid areas of Yunnan and to provide a scientific basis for rational application of nitrogen fertilizers in maize production in this area. 【Method】 Field experiments were conducted in the main and arid maize producing areas in Yunnan Province from 2011 to 2012. Nitrogen fertilizer was used as control (CK) to study the effects of single application of 100%, 75%, 50% controlled release urea (CU) and ordinary urea (U), ordinary urea application in batches, and the application of common urea and controlled release urea on corn yield, agronomic traits and nitrogen use efficiency. 【Result】 The results showed that different fertilization treatments had different effects on the agronomic traits of maize at harvesting stage. CK maize had the worst agronomic traits in both years. In 2011, 100% controlled release urea (CU100%) and 40% common urea + 60% controlled-release urea as basal fertilizer application (U40% + CU60%) The agronomic characteristics of maize were better. In 2012, 100% controlled release urea (CU100%) and 75% controlled release urea The agronomic characters of U40% + CU60% were better. In 2011, the yield of CU100% maize was the highest and the yield of CK was the lowest. In 2012, the yield of CU75% maize was the highest, followed by CU100% and U40% + CU60%, and the CK was the lowest. When the same amount of nitrogen fertilizer, all the CU treatment of nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate were higher than the U treatment. The nitrogen use efficiency of one-time application of common urea was 22.2% -33.5%, and that of single-use controlled-release urea was 32.7% -46.5%, higher than that of one-time application of common urea. When the same amount of nitrogen fertilizer, all the CU treated nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate were higher than the U treatment. In the treatment with U, the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen application was 3.1 ~ 8.6kg / kg. The agronomic efficiency of applying nitrogen fertilizer with one time application of CU was 7.7 ~ 12.7kg / kg, which were all higher than that of U treated with one time. The corn yield, agronomic traits and nitrogen use efficiency of common urea and controlled release urea were higher than those of common urea treatment. The corn yield and nitrogen use efficiency of the normal urea treatment batches were lower than that of the control urea treatment or the common urea and the controlled release urea. 【Conclusion】 In the arid region of Yunnan, the application of controlled release fertilizer with less dosage of nitrogen fertilizer could increase the corn yield and fertilizer use efficiency. In the study area, the controlled release urea with 105.0 ~ 157.5kg / hm2 good.