工程用的各种换热器,包括各种加热器、冷却器以及锅炉的过热器、省煤器、空气预热器等,都存在着各种综合因素影响的对流传热问题,例如受热面有不同程度的沾污,受热面进出口截面上工质的流速和温度分布不均匀等等,有了这些复杂因素的影响,就不宜直接用最简单形式的对流传热系数计算公式,否则就会引起很大的误差。可靠的换热器的工程用传热计算方法应该是既要立足于传热学基本原理,充分利用 A variety of engineering heat exchangers, including various heaters, coolers, and boiler superheaters, economizers, air preheaters, etc., have convective heat transfer issues that are affected by a variety of factors, such as heated surfaces There are different degrees of contamination, the heating surface of the inlet and outlet section of the working fluid flow velocity and temperature distribution is not uniform, etc., with these complex factors, it is not appropriate to use the simplest form of convection heat transfer coefficient formula, otherwise Will cause a great error. Reliable heat exchanger engineering heat transfer calculation method should be based not only on the basic principles of heat transfer, make full use of