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近20多年来,具有实用价值的分子技术使肿瘤发生学研究发生了根本的改变。分析发现,突变不但发生于肿瘤DNA,也存在于从某些癌症病人脑脊液、尿液、胰液、胆汁和粪便中所提取的DNA,最近的两组研究又在血浆中发现了突变的DNA。一组21例小细胞肺癌中,16例存在不稳定的微卫星灶,除1例外,血浆中的DNA均发生相应突变。另一组21例头颈部癌中的17例存在微卫星灶,其中5例的血浆提取DNA有突变。 自由循环遗传物质的存在并非异常现象。40多年前,科学家就了解到正常人血桨中存在微量DNA。在慢
In the past more than 20 years, molecular techniques with practical value have fundamentally changed the study of tumorigenesis. The analysis found that mutations not only occurred in tumor DNA, but also in DNA extracted from cerebrospinal fluid, urine, pancreatic juice, bile and feces of some cancer patients. In the most recent two studies, mutated DNA was found in plasma. A group of 21 cases of small cell lung cancer, 16 cases of unstable microsatellite instability, with the exception of one exception, the corresponding mutations in plasma DNA. In another group of 21 cases of head and neck cancers, there were microsatellite lesions in 17 cases, of which 5 cases had mutations in plasma extracted DNA. The existence of free-circulating genetic material is not an anomaly. More than 40 years ago, scientists learned that trace amounts of DNA were present in normal human blood. Slow