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离子液体是一类熔点低于100℃的有机熔融盐,通常由不对称的有机阳离子和阴离子组成,其性质可以通过改变阴阳离子组成灵活调节,被称为“设计者的溶剂”。由于其特殊的物理化学性质,离子液体在有机化学和分析化学等领域得到广泛应用,本文主要从离子液体类型、结构和性能等角度综述其在萃取前处理、色谱、毛细管电泳及电分析、光谱等领域中的研究进展,从应用机理角度对比不同离子液体在各领域应用中的优缺点,这对离子液体目前的应用状况及今后发展有较好的指导意义。通过对其发展前景的展望,表明离子液体在色谱分析和毛细管电泳等领域呈现出巨大的发展潜力。此外,设计研发新型离子液体和深入探讨其萃取分离机理,将有力推动其在分析科学领域中的研究发展,离子液体在复杂样品分析和痕量检测方面也将具有广阔的应用前景。
Ionic liquids are a class of organic molten salts with melting points below 100 ° C. They are usually composed of asymmetric organic cations and anions. Their properties can be flexibly adjusted by changing the composition of the anions and cations, known as the “designer’s solvent.” Due to its special physico-chemical properties, ionic liquids have been widely used in organic chemistry and analytical chemistry fields. In this paper, the preparation, chromatographic, capillary electrophoresis and electro- And other areas of research progress, from the application mechanism of different ionic liquids in different fields compared the advantages and disadvantages of the application of the current application of ionic liquids and the future development of a good guiding significance. Through the prospect of its development prospects, ION shows great potential in the fields of chromatographic analysis and capillary electrophoresis. In addition, the design and development of new ionic liquids and in-depth exploration of their extraction and separation mechanism will strongly promote their research and development in the field of analytical science. Ionic liquids will also have broad application prospects in complex sample analysis and trace detection.