目的了解医院重症监护病房(ICU)患者呼吸道感染病原菌分布及耐药性变迁,为临床合理选用抗菌药物提供参考。方法采用细菌分离鉴定技术和药敏试验方法,对某医院ICU患者送检病原学标本进行检验和耐药性分析。结果从100例由普通病房转入ICU之前的患者送检的100份痰标本中共分离出病原菌5株,均为革兰阴性菌;此100例患者入住ICU期间共送检痰标本100份,病原菌检测全部阳性。分离出病原菌135株,检出革兰阴性菌、革兰阳性球菌和真菌的构成比依次为82.2%、11.1%和6.6%;由普通病房转入ICU后呼吸道感染率和病原菌耐药率明显提高。结论由普通病房转入ICU的患者送检标本病原菌分离率明显增加,耐药性普遍增强,应加强ICU消毒隔离措施,加强耐药菌监测和严格控制抗菌药物使用。 Objective To understand the distribution of pathogens and the change of drug resistance in patients with intensive care unit (ICU) in hospital and provide a reference for rational use of antimicrobial agents in clinic. Methods Bacterial isolation and identification techniques and drug susceptibility testing methods were used to test etiological specimens of ICU patients in a hospital for analysis and drug resistance analysis. RESULTS: Five hundred pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 100 sputum samples from 100 patients who were transferred from ICU to ICU. All of them were Gram-negative bacteria. During the ICU admission, 100 sputum samples were sent out, Test all positive. 135 strains of pathogens were isolated, the gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive cocci and fungi were found to be 82.2%, 11.1% and 6.6%, respectively. Respiratory infection rate and pathogen resistance rate were significantly increased from general ward to ICU . Conclusion The isolation rate of pathogenic bacteria in patients sent to ICU from ordinary ward increased significantly, and the drug resistance was generally enhanced. The measures of disinfection and isolation of ICU should be strengthened, the monitoring of resistant bacteria should be strengthened, and the use of antibacterials should be strictly controlled.