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微生物农药是化学农药的有益补充,具有环境友好、无化学残留以及可持续控制作物病虫害等优点。然而,由于剂型研究的缓慢和不足,导致很多微生物农药在田间应用时防效不稳定。助剂是剂型研制的核心成分,承担着保护活性、提高药效和增加便利的功能,一般泛指微生物农药中除有效成分以外的所有成分,包括载体、表面活性剂、紫外保护剂、活性保护剂和营养助剂等。微生物农药物化性质的改善、活性的保持和药效的发挥均离不开助剂的有效参与。本研究综述了近十年来微生物农药助剂的种类和研究进展,指出助剂生物相容性测定方法和剂型种类等方面存在的问题。期望为生物防治和微生物农药相关领域提供参考。
Microbial pesticides are beneficial supplements for chemical pesticides and have the advantages of being environment-friendly, having no chemical residues, and controlling crop pests and diseases. However, due to the slow and inadequate formulation studies, many microbial pesticides have instability in field application. Auxiliary agents are the core components of formulation research and development, bear the protection of activity, improve efficacy and increase convenience, generally refers to the microbial pesticide in addition to the active ingredient of all ingredients, including carriers, surfactants, UV protectants, activity protection Agents and nutritional additives. The physical and chemical properties of microbial pesticides to improve, maintain activity and efficacy are inseparable from the effective participation of additives. This review summarizes the types and research progress of microbial pesticide additives in recent ten years, and points out the problems in the determination of bioaccumulation methods and dosage forms of the additives. It is expected to provide references for biological control and microbial pesticide related fields.