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目的 探讨失神经支配骨骼肌超微结构及酶组织化学变化。方法 选用SD大鼠 ,切断胫神经建立失神经支配腓肠肌实验模型。观察骨骼肌超微结构变化 ,测定肌肉Na,K ATP酶及Ca ATP酶含量。结果 肌肉超微结构变化主要表现为线粒体与肌质网扩张、空泡化直至消失 ,细胞核仁自 4周开始略扩大 ,12周后缩小 ;Na ,K ATP酶含量 4周内下降不明显 ,6周后呈进行性下降 ;Ca ATP酶含量 2周时下降近 1/ 3 ,以后一直维持在正常值 60 %～ 70 %。结论 Na ,K ATP酶活性可作为反映肌肉萎缩程度可靠酶组织化学指标 ;Ca ATP酶活性变化规律说明失神经支配后肌肉收缩的生理基础长期存在。
Objective To investigate the ultrastructures and enzyme histochemical changes of denervated skeletal muscle. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were used to establish the experimental model of denervated gastrocnemius. The ultrastructural changes of skeletal muscle were observed and the contents of Na, K ATPase and Ca ATPase in muscle were determined. Results The ultrastructural changes of muscle mainly manifested as dilatation of mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum, vacuolization until disappearance of nucleolus, nucleolus slightly enlarged from 4 weeks and then decreased after 12 weeks. The content of Na and K ATPase did not decrease obviously in 4 weeks, 6 After a week of progressive decline; Ca ATPase levels decreased by nearly 1/3 after 2 weeks, has been maintained at 60% to 70% of normal. Conclusions The activity of Na and K ATPase can be used as a reliable index of histochemical staining for muscle atrophy. The change of Ca ATPase activity indicates that the physiological basis of muscle contraction after denervation persists for a long time.