细胞的恶性转化是一个复杂的多层次的过程,可导致受累细胞基因组内基因变异的聚集。这些变异可由外源性的化学性和/或物理性损害因子以及病毒引起。这些损害因子或病原微生物按其类型、作用时间及强度,可引起细胞基因物质的各种损害,从而启动细胞的转化。但细胞的基因组也可出现内源性的改变,例如胚基发育过程中形成的或遗传的突变。这种变异也可成为日后细胞突变的启动因素 The malignant transformation of cells is a complex multi-level process that can lead to the accumulation of genetic variations in the affected cell genome. These variations can be caused by exogenous chemical and/or physical damage factors as well as viruses. These damage factors or pathogenic microorganisms can cause various damages of the cellular genetic material according to their type, time and intensity of action, thereby initiating cell transformation. However, endogenous changes may also occur in the genome of cells, such as those that are formed during embryonic development or inherited mutations. This mutation can also be a trigger for future cell mutations.