采用相似材料模型试验对岩体内普遍存在的宏、微观两类不同尺度缺陷对其力学性质的影响规律进行了研究。宏观缺陷是指宏观的节理、裂隙等不连续面,可通过预制的方法来实现,而微观缺陷是指微裂纹、微孔洞等,可通过改变试件密度来实现。结果表明:微观缺陷相同而宏观缺陷不同的岩体,其破坏模式及强度主要受宏观缺陷的控制,对所采用的试件而言,主要受节理倾角控制,当节理倾角较小时,主要发生沿轴向的张拉破坏,且强度较高,反之则主要发生沿节理面剪切破坏,且强度较低。而对于微观缺陷不同而宏观缺陷相同的岩体,其破坏模式及强度虽然主要受宏观缺陷控制,但是微观缺陷却影响着其局部破坏模式,如对于含30°节理的试件而言,在微观缺陷较小时,基本上发生沿节理面的剪切破坏,而随着微观缺陷的增加,则同时伴有节理面上下两部分岩块的张拉破坏出现,且试件峰值强度逐渐下降。因此研究认为,试件力学性质同时受到宏、微观缺陷的共同影响,且二者之间还可能存在着复杂的相互作用。 The similar material model test is used to study the influence laws of macroscopic and microscopic defects on the mechanical properties of rock mass. Macroscopic defects refer to macroscopic discontinuities such as joints and fissures, which can be achieved by prefabricated methods. Microcosmic defects refer to microcracks, micropores, etc., which can be achieved by changing the density of the specimen. The results show that the failure mode and strength of the rock mass with the same microscopic defects and different macroscopic defects are mainly controlled by the macro defects. For the specimens used, the rock mass is mainly controlled by the inclination of the joints. When the inclination angle of the joints is small, Tensile failure of the axial direction, and higher intensity, on the contrary, the main occurrence of shear damage along the joint plane, and the intensity is low. For rock masses with the same macroscopic defect and different microscopic defects, the failure mode and strength are mainly controlled by macroscopic defects, but the microscopic defects affect the local failure mode. For the specimen with 30 ° joint, When the defect is small, the shear failure along the joint surface basically occurs. With the increase of the microscopic defects, the tensile failure of the rock fragments along both upper and lower parts of the joint surface appears and the peak intensity of the specimen gradually decreases. Therefore, the study suggests that the mechanical properties of the specimen are simultaneously affected by macro and micro defects, and there may be complex interactions between the two.