魏源是我国清代的思想家,史学界视其为“睁眼看西方”的先行者之一。他一生著述颇丰,除后世推崇的《海国图志》外,还有一部短篇论茅一《默觚》,这些短小精萃的小文集中反映了魏源的修身论、人才观、历史观等。在《默觚·治篇十一》中,魏源集中论述了国家的衰亡之理,其中有这样一段话:“历代亡天下之患有七:暴君、强藩、女主、外戚、宦寺、权奸、鄙夫也。暴君无论矣,强藩、女主、外戚、宦寺、奸相,皆必乘乱世闇君而始得 Wei Yuan was a thinker in Qing Dynasty in China. Historiography regarded it as one of the forerunners of ”Eyes open to the West“. In his life, he wrote a wealth of works. Apart from his later works, ”Hai Guo Tu Zhi Zhi“, there is also a short article on Mao Yi’s ”silent morals.“ These short and concentrated essays focus on Wei Yuan’s self-cultivation theory, talent concept and historical conception Wait. In ”Mo Zhi governance article eleven“, Wei Yuan focused on the decline of the country’s rationale, of which there is such a passage: ”The world suffer from ancient times seven: tyrant, strong feudal, hostess, relatives, Huan Temple , The power of adultery, despise husband also. Tyrant regardless of men, strong feudal, hostess, relatives, Huan Temple, adulterous, must take the troubled kingdom and