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孤独症谱系障碍作为儿童神经发育障碍的代表性疾病，发病率呈现不断上升的趋势，给家庭和社会带来巨大压力和经济负担，探讨其病因及发病机制意义重大。本研究依托中国国家出生队列开展孤独症谱系障碍亚队列建设，并利用该出生队列采用的辅助生殖和自然妊娠同期纳入并随访的平行设计，评价辅助生殖技术对子代神经行为发育的影响，并结合队列采集的多种母体孕期和子代生命早期临床及行为相关信息，综合探究孤独症谱系障碍的发病危险因素。本文将从研究目标、内容、初步进展、优势与不足及进一步展望对该亚队列进行简要介绍，重点展现本研究的总体设计和现阶段进展。“,”Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a representative disease of children's neurodevelopmental disorders, brings huge pressure and financial burden to families and society. It is of great significance to explore its etiology and pathogenesis. Therefore, we established an ASD Cohort based on the existing China National Birth Cohort (CNBC), which applied parallel design to recruit and follow up families who achieved pregnancy after receiving assisted reproductive technologies (ART) and families with spontaneous conception. The main aims of this study are to compare the incidence of ASD among children born after ART with those born under spontaneous pregnancy, and to evaluate the impact of ART on the neurobehavioral development of offspring. Additionally, with a variety of clinical and behavioral related information collected during pregnancy and at early life of offspring, we are able to investigate the risk factors associated with ASD comprehensively. This article briefly introduces the objectives, contents, preliminary progress, strength and limitations, as well as further prospects of the ASD cohort study, mainly focusing on the overall design and current progress.