党的第一代领导人在八大前后和 60年代初 ,对我国社会主义经济体制进行了两次改革探索。第一次改革的主题是“以苏为戒”,集中表现在 :以社会主义基本矛盾的理论学说为指导 ;突破了纯而又纯的公有制模式 ,允许私有经济存在和有限度发展 ;在经济管理体制上 ,扩大地方权限和企业自主权 ;在分配体制上 ,提出兼顾国家、集体和个人利益 ;提出在社会主义经济体制中发挥市场作用 ;在经济体制上 ,提出了“三个主体、三个补充”的基本格局思想。60年代初 ,党的第一代领导人又一次对经济体制进行了改革探索 :调整人民公社管理体制 ,实行“三包”经营管理形式 ;改革企业管理体制 ,试办托拉斯等。两次改革探索各有不同的特点。由于当时对社会主义本质的认识还不太清楚 ,这两次改革探索虽然不够深刻 ,但都为邓小平理论的形成提供了有益的借鉴 Before and after the Eighth Congress and the early 1960s, the first-generation party leaders of the Party conducted two reforms to explore China’s socialist economic system. The theme of the first reform is “taking the Soviet Union as a pretext”, focusing on the following: guided by the theoretical theory of the basic contradictions of socialism; breaking through the pure and pure public ownership model that allows the private economy to exist with limited growth; In the management system, we should expand the local authority and the autonomy of enterprises. In the distribution system, we should give consideration to the interest of the country, the collective and the individual. We propose to play a market role in the socialist economic system. In the economic system, we propose the “three main bodies, three A supplement ”the basic pattern of thinking. In the early 1960s, the first generation of party leaders once again conducted an exploration of the reform of the economic system by adjusting the management system of the people’s communes, implementing the “Three Guarantees” form of management and operation, reforming the enterprise management system, and trying out trusts. Two reforms have explored different characteristics. Since the understanding of the nature of socialism was not yet clear, the exploration of these two reforms, though not profound enough, provided a useful reference for the formation of Deng Xiaoping Theory