波兰这次经济改革始于1982年初。当时,国内政局剧烈动荡刚刚平息,经济全面倒退,西方对波实行经济制裁。正如雅鲁泽尔斯基所说,改革是在“缺乏氧气”的情况下上阵的。第一阶段改革的中心任务是克服经济危机,因此,这一时期的改革只能是初步的,很不完善,很不彻底。但改革仍对克服经济危机起了“根本性作用”并为下一阶段的改革探索了道路和创造了必要的条件。从1986年6月召开的“十大”开始,波兰宣布进入经济改革的第二阶段,使改革进一步深化。改革的基本特征是侧重于改革纲领的贯彻实施,侧重于在实践中坚定地实施新的法律,使经营管理出现质的转折。第二阶段改革的特点及新动向大致是: Poland’s economic reform began in early 1982. At that time, the violent political instability in China just subsided, the economy was in full swing, and the West imposed economic sanctions on the waves. As Jaruszewski said, the reform took place in the “lack of oxygen.” The central task of the first phase of the reform is to overcome the economic crisis. Therefore, the reform in this period can only be preliminary, imperfect and incomplete. However, the reform still played a “fundamental role” in overcoming the economic crisis and explored the road and created the necessary conditions for the next stage of reform. Beginning with the “Top Ten” convened in June 1986, Poland announced the entry into the second phase of economic reform to further deepen the reform. The basic feature of the reform is to focus on the implementation of the reform program, focusing on implementing the new law firmly in practice so that there will be a qualitative turning point in management. The characteristics and new trends of the second phase of reform are broadly as follows: