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本文试图通过追踪“偶态”一词在古代文献中的一些相关讨论,展示它在语言学、逻辑学和存在论上的原始意义。就其起源而言,亚里士多德在分析语言结构时,发现不得不处理情态动词以及情态句。情态句分析引发了相关逻辑学分析和讨论,从而把语言学上的情态问题转变为逻辑学上的模态问题。斯多亚学派的模态逻辑研究则揭示了模态的存在论问题,导致模态概念向偶态概念的转化。奥古斯丁引入了一种新的思维方式,在恩典概念中谈论可能性,引进情感因素,展示了一种与经验世界无关但和人的生存直接相关的存在论语境,并在其中给出可能性之绝对实在性的证明。奥古斯丁之后,在西方思想史上,可能性之实在性问题作为偶态存在论的主要推手,乃是存在论的基本问题之一。
This paper attempts to show its original significance in linguistics, logic and ontology by tracing some related discussions in the ancient literature. Aristotle, in its origin, has found that having to deal with modal verbs and modal sentences when analyzing the structure of the language. Sentence analysis triggered the relevant logic analysis and discussion, so that the linguistic modality problem into a logical modal problem. Stoics school of modal logic reveals the modal ontology problems, leading to the concept of modal to the concept of the conversion. Augustine introduced a new way of thinking, talking about possibilities in the concept of grace, introducing affective factors, demonstrating an ontological context that is not directly related to the experience world but directly related to human existence, and in which the possibilities are given The absolute proof of reality. After Augustine, in the history of western thought, the question of the real possibility of possibility as the main promoter of the ontological existence is one of the basic questions of ontology.