在资源有限、甚至稀缺的时代,滥用、破坏公共物品的现象却层出不穷。这在很大程度上阻碍了资源的最大化利用,成为了社会发展中的一只拦路虎。曼瑟尔·奥尔森称“任何物品,如果一个集团中的任何个人能够消费它,它就不能不被该集团中的其他人消费,这类物品便属于公共物品。”萨缪尔森则认为“每个人对这 In times of limited or even scarce resources, there is an endless stream of abuse and destruction of public goods. This has greatly hindered the maximum utilization of resources and has become a stumbling block in the social development. Mansell Olsen claims that ”anything that a group can consume if it can be consumed by the rest of the group and that such items belong to public goods.“ ”Samuel Mori believes that "Everyone on this