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本文讨论了通过70年代的微电子技术,在本世纪内实现从60年代的大系统技术向生物技术转移时期的科技政策问题,也讨论了微电子技术,大系统技术和生物技术之间的不同特点及其在政策与管理方面应遵循的不同规律。一、问题的提出 60年代和70年代初的特点是大系统技术迅速发展,它通常涉及多个学科,其中有的学科不为人们所了解。空间技术和环境科学或生态学就是典型的例子。这些工作是由政府创建或者受政府影响的、包含多种学科的科技机构实施。这
This paper discusses the science and technology policy issues of the period from the system-large-scale technology in the 1960s to the biotechnology transfer through the microelectronics technology in the 1970s and the differences between the microelectronic technology, large-system technology and biotechnology in this century Characteristics and the different rules that should be followed in policy and management. I. PROBLEM MAKING The characteristics of the 1960s and early 1970s were the rapid development of large-scale systems technology, which usually involved multiple disciplines, some of which were not well understood. Space technology and environmental science or ecology are typical examples. These are government-run or government-influenced scientific institutions that include multiple disciplines. This