晚清,随着洋教在内地的广泛传播,教务渐渐成为重要的地方政务,又因为各国(主要是拥有保教权的法国)公使对教会的庇护,教务教案不但是内政,更成为外交。对其处理是否得当,不但影响到一方一地之民教关系,更影响到官员的仕途。随着越来越多的官员因教务教案而获咎或获奖,官员对于教务教案的态度和作为亦在慢慢地发生改变。另一方面,鉴于历次教务教案的严重后果,中央政府多种措施督促各级地方官员妥善办理教务教案。但地方官自有其处境与考虑,中央的要求到州县一级即大打折扣,并未得到全力遵循。面对教务教案,中央政府与地方官之间呈现出明显的差异和微妙的互动。 In the late Qing Dynasty, with the widespread spread of foreign religions in the hinterland, the religious affairs gradually became an important local government affairs. Because of the sanctity of the various countries (mainly the French with the right of religious covenant) to the church, the religious lesson plans were not only internal affairs but also diplomatic. Whether its handling is proper or not will not only affect the relationship between the people and religion in one country but also the official career. As more and more officials are either blamed or awarded for teaching the lesson plans, officials’ attitudes and behaviors toward the church plan are also slowly changing. On the other hand, in view of the grave consequences of the previous academic plans, the Central Government has urged various measures by local officials at all levels to properly handle the teaching plans. However, local officials have their own situation and considerations, the central requirements to the county level that greatly reduced, did not get full compliance. In the face of academic teaching plans, the central government and local officials showed obvious differences and subtle interactions.