论文部分内容阅读
自1922年Banting,Best和Collip用牛胰脏提取粗制胰岛素并应用于治疗糖尿病以来,已有60余年的历史。胰岛素至今仍是治疗IDDM患者唯一有效的药物。动物胰岛素以猪或牛的新鲜胰脏为原料,经提取纯化得到的胰岛素目前仍然是国内外市场的主要供应品。数十年来从动物胰脏提取制备药用胰岛素的方法步骤基本未变,重大的进展只有两方面:即(1)胰岛素的纯度显著提高;(2)各种长效、中效制剂的出现。人胰岛素60年代初,Nicol和Smith等从人尸体胰脏中用相同的方法提出了人胰岛素。藉此搞清了人胰岛素的氨基酸序列,它的生物效应与动物胰岛素相同。但由于人胰脏来源有限,不可能成为药用规模。
Banting, Best and Collip have been using crude bovine pancreas for crude insulin for more than 60 years since 1922 and have been used to treat diabetes. Insulin is still the only drug available to treat IDDM patients today. Animal insulin Pig or cow’s fresh pancreas as raw material, after extraction and purification of insulin is still the main supply of domestic and foreign markets. The steps taken to extract medicinal insulin from animal pancreas for decades have remained essentially unchanged. There have been only two major developments: (1) a significant increase in the purity of insulin; and (2) the appearance of various long-acting, intermediate-acting preparations. Human insulin In the early 1960’s, Nicol and Smith et al. Proposed human insulin in the same way as human cadaver pancreas. With this understanding of human insulin amino acid sequence, its biological effects and animal insulin the same. However, due to limited sources of human pancreas, it is impossible to become a pharmaceutical scale.