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中国古代正义思想与宗教的关系是一个长期未受学界重视的问题,而墨家的正义观在这个问题上有独特价值:它继承了上天乃正义之源的古老传统,从而使之具有超然于世俗政权利益之上的独立品格。本文以历史为背景,以《墨子》为个案,以宗教为视角,以儒教为参照,梳理了墨家以“天志”为“法仪”、以“贵义”为核心、再落实为“兼爱”“非攻”“尚贤”“尚同”诸环节的正义思想框架,认为它在回归原生的神权正义基础上,否定了蜕变的强权正义,提出一种返本的平权正义新构想,从而超越了古代主流的价值观。然而在古代宗法-政治的社会条件下,墨家的正义理想仍缺乏落实它的技术手段。
The relationship between ancient Chinese justice and religion is a long-standing issue that has not been paid much attention to by the academic community. The Mohism’s concept of justice has unique value on this issue. It inherits the ancient tradition of God as the source of justice, Independence of the interests of the regime. This paper takes history as the background, taking Mozi as a case, religion as the angle of view, and Confucianism as the reference, combing that Mohist School uses “Tianzhi ” as The core of the system of justice is to implement the just ideological framework of the links of “love”, “non-aggression”, “Shangxian” and “Shang Tong”, and hold that it has denied the transformation on the basis of reversion to the original right of theocracy Of the power of justice, put forward a return to justice the new concept of equity, which goes beyond the ancient mainstream values. However, under the ancient patriarchal clan - political social conditions, the Mohism’s ideal of justice still lacks the technical means to implement it.