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目的探讨甲醛对小鼠胚胎的体内发育毒性。方法随机选择健康性成熟的昆明种小鼠,雌雄合笼产生孕鼠,孕鼠被随机分成5组,每组8只,分别在小鼠妊娠第6～15d用5、10、20mg/kg.d的甲醛进行灌胃染毒,每天一次,同时设生理盐水对照和环磷酰胺阳性对照。观察孕鼠的体重增长情况;于妊娠第18d处死孕鼠取出胚胎,观察胚胎的生长发育状况、死胎和吸收胎鼠数及畸形发生情况。结果与生理盐水组比较,中、高剂量甲醛染毒可降低孕鼠体重的增长率(P<0.05),高剂量甲醛染毒孕鼠能使胚胎吸收和死亡发生率增加(P<0.05),并可抑制胎盘和胎仔生长发育,中、高剂量甲醛染毒导致胎鼠畸形发生率增加(P<0.05),但对孕鼠和胎仔的毒作用影响均弱于环磷酰胺的毒性作用(P<0.05)。结论甲醛在体内对小鼠胚胎具有发育毒作用和致畸形作用。
Objective To investigate the in vivo developmental toxicity of formaldehyde on mouse embryos. Methods Kunming mice were randomly selected and randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 8, n = 8). Pregnant mice were randomly divided into 5, 10 and 20 mg / kg groups. d of formaldehyde for intragastric administration, once a day, at the same time set normal saline control and cyclophosphamide positive control. The growth of pregnant rats was observed. The pregnant rats were sacrificed on the 18th day of gestation and their embryos were removed. The growth and development status of the embryos, the numbers of stillbirths and the number of fetuses absorbed and the incidence of deformities were observed. Results Compared with the saline group, the medium and high doses of formaldehyde exposure could reduce the weight gain of pregnant rats (P <0.05), and the incidence of embryo uptake and death increased with high doses of formaldehyde (P <0.05) And inhibited placenta and fetal growth and development, medium and high doses of formaldehyde exposure caused fetal malformations increased (P <0.05), but the toxic effects on pregnant rats and fetuses were weaker than that of cyclophosphamide (P <0.05). Conclusion Formaldehyde has developmentally toxic and degenerative effects on mouse embryos in vivo.