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目的了解我国有毒动物、有毒植物及毒蕈中毒的现况,以进一步明确有毒生物中毒控制工作方向,为中毒控制关键技术的研究提供科学依据。方法检索中国医院知识资源总库和万方数据库,收集1994至2011年我国公开发表的有毒动物、有毒植物、毒蕈中毒病例/事件的文献,进行回顾性描述流行病学分析。结果收集到符合标准的文献3463篇,共报道中毒患者94 700例,其中有毒动物中毒46 110例,有毒植物中毒37 172例,毒蕈中毒11 418例。中毒主要发生在物种分布相对丰富的南方地区,中毒病例分布地区与物种自然分布地区基本一致。毒物谱相对集中,有毒动物及有毒植物排名前5位的毒物所致中毒病例数分别占这两类中毒病例总数的78.77%(36 321/46 110)及84.03%(31 234/37 172)。导致中毒的有毒动物以毒蛇、鱼胆、河豚为主;有毒植物以豆科、毛茛科植物为主;毒蕈则以未知种类者居多,占77.09%(8802/11 418),已知种类以鹅膏科及牛肝菌科为主。中毒原因主要为意外(50.24%,41 291/82 185)和误食(42.19%,34 670/82 185)。中毒途径以经口为主(70.34%,66 438/94 458)。有毒动物、有毒植物、毒蕈中毒病死率分别为2.52%(1008/39 951)、1.66%(547/33 001)、12.39%(1248/10 076)。结论我国有毒动物、有毒植物、毒蕈中毒危害严重,具有病死率高、地域性强、毒物谱相对集中等特点。因此,今后应加强有毒动物、有毒植物、毒蕈中毒控制工作,建立相应监测体系,开展中毒控制关键技术的研发,并加强毒物识别、毒物危害及预防的宣传教育,以求最大限度降低中毒发生率。
Objective To understand the status of poisonous animals, poisonous plants and poisonous mushroom poisoning in our country so as to further clarify the working direction of toxic biological poisoning control and provide a scientific basis for the research on the key technologies of poisoning control. Methods The databases of Chinese Knowledge Resources and Wanfang Hospital were searched, and the published articles of poisonous animals, poisonous plants and poisonous mushroom cases / events published in our country from 1994 to 2011 were collected for retrospective analysis of epidemiological analysis. Results A total of 3463 articles were collected and 94,700 cases of poisoning were reported, among which 46,110 were poisonous animals, 37 172 poisonous plants and 1118 cases of poisonous mushroom poisoning. Poisoning occurred mainly in the southern areas where species distribution was relatively abundant. The distribution of poisoned cases was basically consistent with the natural distribution of species. Poisons spectrum was relatively concentrated. Poisons poisoning caused by the top 5 poisonous animals and poisonous plants accounted for 78.77% (36 321/46 110) and 84.03% (31 234/37 172) of the total number of poisoned cases respectively. Poisonous animals poison poisonous animals mainly snakes, fish gallbladder, puffer fish; poisonous plants to leguminous, Ranunculaceae plants; toadstools are mostly unknown species, accounting for 77.09% (8802/11 418), known species Amanita Branch and Boletus Division based. The main causes of poisoning were accidents (50.24%, 41 291/82 185) and ingestion (42.19%, 34 670/82 185). The main route of poisoning is oral (70.34%, 66 438/94 458). The deadly rates of poisonous animals, poisonous plants and poisonous mushrooms were 2.52% (1008/39 951), 1.66% (547/33 001) and 12.39% (1248/10 076), respectively. Conclusion Our country poisonous animals, poisonous plants, poisonous mushroom poisoning have serious harm, with the characteristics of high fatality rate, strong regionalism and relatively concentrated poison spectrum. Therefore, in the future, efforts should be made to control poisonous animals, poisonous plants and poisonous mushrooms, to establish corresponding monitoring systems, to carry out research and development on key technologies for the control of poisoning, and to strengthen the publicity and education on poison identification, poison hazards and prevention so as to minimize the occurrence of poisoning rate.