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目的了解攀枝花市西区流行性腮腺炎流行病学特征及发生原因,为防控流行性腮腺炎提供科学依据。方法利用法定传染病报告系统疫情资料和流行性腮腺炎暴发疫情流行病学个案调查资料,分析攀枝花市西区流行性腮腺炎流行病学特征。结果 2006—2015年攀枝花市西区报告流行性腮腺炎病例682例,年均发病率为41.25/10万,2008年发病率最高为185.32/10万。发病年龄以5~14岁最多,占70.23%(479/682)。职业以学生最多,占56.02%(382/682);发病月份以5—7月居多,占45.45%(310/682),各街办均有发病,清香坪街办最多,占总发病数的30.79%(210/682)。3起暴发疫情均发生在2008年,共发病129例。无接种史和接种史不详者发病率高于有接种史者(χ~2=97.090,P<0.01),接种史≥5 a者发病率高于<5 a者(χ~2=29.241,P<0.01)。结论流行性腮腺炎发病率自2008年出现高峰后,逐年下降,至2015年发病率已降至5.00/10万以下,且连续7 a无暴发疫情。疫苗接种可有效的控制发病率。今后防控工作的重点应放在学龄儿童,尤其要加强学校在冬、春季流行性腮腺炎的防控工作。
Objective To understand the epidemiology and causes of mumps in the western part of Panzhihua City and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of mumps. Methods Epidemiological data of epidemics of the epidemic of legal infectious diseases and outbreak epidemics of mumps were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of mumps in the western part of Panzhihua City. Results 682 cases of mumps were reported in Panzhihua West District from 2006 to 2015, with an average annual incidence rate of 41.25 / 100 000. The highest incidence in 2008 was 185.32 / 100 000. The onset age of 5 to 14 years old, accounting for 70.23% (479/682). Occupation accounted for the largest number of students, accounting for 56.02% (382/682); the onset month was mostly in May-July, accounting for 45.45% (310/682), all street clinics have morbidity, Qingxiang Ping Street to do the most, the total number of incidence 30.79% (210/682). Three outbreaks occurred in 2008, a total of 129 cases of disease. Inoculation history and inoculation history were higher than those with history of inoculation (χ ~ 2 = 97.090, P <0.01). The incidence of inoculation history was higher than 5 years (χ ~ 2 = 29.241, P <0.01). Conclusions The incidence of mumps dropped from the peak in 2008 and dropped to below 5.00 / 100,000 in 2015, and there was no outbreak for 7 consecutive months. Vaccination can effectively control the incidence. Future prevention and control work should focus on school-age children, in particular, to strengthen the school in winter and spring mumps prevention and control work.