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保护公民基本权利是宪法价值体系的核心,给公民基本权利以司法救济,当今已成为一股世界化的潮流。在各国的宪政实践中,对公民基本权利的司法救济模式主要有两种:一是普通法院救济模式;二是特定的司宪机关救济模式。以上两种司法救济模式除遵循违宪审查的一般原则外,还在长期的实践中形成了各有特色的司法救济原则。二者救济原则的不同在其形成上有深刻的法理基础,随着民主宪政和“法律全球化”的发展,也出现了趋同性的发展趋势。我国目前还没有建立对公民基本权利的司法救济制度,但不排除建构这种制度的可能性。因此有必要借鉴其他国家的理论和实践并对我国建立该制度的可能性和其所应采用的原则进行探讨。
Protecting the fundamental rights of citizens is the core of the constitutional value system. Providing judicial relief to the basic rights of citizens has now become a trend of globalization. In the constitutional practice of all countries, there are mainly two modes of judicial relief for the basic rights of citizens: the relief mode of the ordinary court and the relief mode of the special constitutional authority. In addition to following the general principles of unconstitutional review, the above two forms of judicial relief have also formed their own distinctive principles of judicial relief in their long-term practice. The difference between the two principles of relief has a profound legal basis for its formation. With the development of democratic constitutionalism and “legal globalization ”, the trend of convergence has also emerged. At present, there is no judicial relief system for the basic rights of citizens in our country, but we do not rule out the possibility of constructing such a system. Therefore, it is necessary to draw lessons from the theories and practices of other countries and discuss the possibility of setting up this system in our country and the principles that should be adopted.