评论家们都承认 ,《地下室手记》是陀思妥耶夫斯基最有代表性的作品之一 ,“是世界文学中最富革命性和原创性的著作之一。”①但是 ,一百三十多年来 ,对它的研究与其说是不深入 ,不如说是不着边际 ,隔靴搔痒 ,犯了方向性错误。《手记》问世之际 ,革命民主主义批评家简单地把它 Critics admit that “Basement Notes” is one of Dostoevsky’s most iconic works and “one of the most revolutionary and original works in world literature.” 1 However, one hundred For more than three decades, the study of it is not so much as it has been, but rather as an impasse. It has made directional mistakes. As the Notes come out, revolutionary democrats simply put it