采用大规模分子动力学模拟,从原子层次探索了冰滴高速撞击航天铝壳结构的动态过程.冰滴的速度设置为典型的宇宙速度.在高速撞击时,部分动能转化为热能,使得撞击点附近迅速升温.随着撞击速度的提高,铝壳经历了弹性变形、塑性变形、冲击融化,最后被穿透的过程.在分子动力学模拟中,清楚地观测了碎片云的形成和动态行为. The large-scale molecular dynamics simulation is used to explore the dynamic process of ice droplets striking the aerospace aluminum shell at high velocity from the atomic level. The velocity of ice droplets is set to a typical cosmic velocity. At high velocity impact, some kinetic energy is converted into heat energy, The aluminum shell underwent a process of elastic deformation, plastic deformation, impact melting and finally penetrating.With molecular dynamics simulations, the formation and dynamic behavior of debris clouds were clearly observed.