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在金属导体中,当导体两端存在电势差时,导体中带负电的载流子将逆着电场线方向定向移动,形成电流.公式 I=nqSv 就是定量描述上述过程的电流微观表达式,式中的 q:被移动电荷的电荷量,S:导体的横截面积,n:单位体积内的自由电荷数,v:自由电荷定向移动的平均速率.公式的适用范围:金属及半导体材料内的电流,还包括均匀加速电场中因电荷定向移动而形成的电流.
In a metal conductor, when there is a potential difference between the two ends of the conductor, negatively charged carriers in the conductor will move in the opposite direction to the direction of the electric field line to form a current. The formula I=nqSv is a microcosmic expression of the current quantitatively describing the above process. q: the amount of charge transferred by the charge, S: the cross-sectional area of the conductor, n: the number of free charges per unit volume, and v: the average rate of the directional movement of the free charge. The applicable range of the formula: currents in metals and semiconductor materials It also includes a uniform acceleration of the electric current in the electric field due to the charge orientation.